Sometimes an analogy can be a useful way of explaining executive functioning. A popular one is an orchestra analogy where the different sections of the orchestra represent cognitive functions such as memory, concentration, visuo-spatial skills, etc and the conductor and additional backstage staff represent executive functioning.
When the orchestra is playing a familiar piece the conductor may have little to do – analogous to us performing routine everyday tasks. When learning a new piece, however, the conductor becomes very important (analogous to performing novel, unfamiliar tasks). They must provide feedback inhibiting certain sections of the orchestra while encouraging others and at the same time keep in mind the bigger picture and not get too caught up in the details.
Secondly it is part of the conductors role to problem solve and improvise – if they go to do a concert in Vienna and some of their instruments end up in Venezuela what do they do? An important role for the conductor and executive functioning is problem solving (see When are Executive Functions Needed from Core Competencies 16).
Also the conductor is usually central to planning ahead- what sort of music are they going to play, where and to whom?
