Exactly which functions constitute ‘executive functioning’ is not universally agreed and sometimes different terms are employed to describe the same or very similar functions e.g. the terms ‘impulsivity’ and ‘disinhibition’ describe very similar executive problems.
For definitions of each of the above functions see Additional Information below.
In the table below are some of the more common executive problems, and how they may impact on behaviour.
| Function | Behaviour |
| Initiation | Has trouble getting started on tasks. May well be able to tell you the stages involved but difficulty transferring this into action. |
| Inhibition | Has trouble “putting the breaks” on behaviour; acts without thinking. May result in socially inappropriate behaviour. |
| Shift/ Flexibility | Gets stuck on a topic or tends to perseverate – that is repeats a response or behaviour that no longer fits the situation. |
| Planning | Starts things at the last minute; does not think ahead about possible problems or consequences of actions. Gets caught up in details and forgets the bigger picture. |
| Organisation | Has a scattered, disorganised approach to solving a problem; is easily overwhelmed by large tasks or assignments. |
| Self-Monitoring | Does not check task performance for mistakes; is unaware of own behaviour and its impact on others. |
| Emotional Regulation | Is easily upset, irritable; small events trigger big emotional response. |
Page last reviewed: 09 Apr 2020
