Stage 1. Pre-contemplation
The individual is unwilling to change or has not given any serious thought to making a change; the individual is happy with their lifestyle. At this stage the individual is unreceptive to ‘interference’.
Stage 2. Contemplation/Thinking
The individual is thinking about change but does not feel ready. At this stage the individual is receptive to information.
Appropriate interventions include:
- Delivering a brief intervention (see “Brief intervention” topic loop) which may include health education, advice and encouragement
Stage 3. Preparation/Planning
The individual has made a decision to change their lifestyle behaviour. They prepare for action. For example, the individual may set a date upon which to start a smoking ‘quit attempt’.
Appropriate interventions include:
- Discussing who in the family, for example, might help to support their quit attempt
- Discussing tactics for avoiding situations that might lead to a relapse
Stage 4. Action/Making change
The individual initiates the planned change.
Appropriate interventions include:
- Helping the individual to set SMART goals
- Providing support and encouragement
- Giving praise
Stage 5. Maintenance
The individual successfully maintains the change to their lifestyle behaviour.
Stage 6. Relapse
The individual may need to move through the stages of change several times before they are successful; this may be demotivating.
Appropriate interventions include:
- Reminding the individual that relapse is part of the process
- Reminding the individual that the challenge is to be persistent
- Supporting the individual to ready themselves for making another attempt
End point: Stable improved lifestyle
Page last reviewed: 10 Oct 2021
